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From November 25-28, 2002, organizations from all of the countries of
the Americas convened in Habana, Cuba in order to participate in the II
Hemispheric Meeting Against the FTAA. More than one thousand delegates
participated from all of the countries of the Americas. Since the first
Meeting, the process has shown a greater level of consciousness about
the significance and origin of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA),
and the effects it would bring. There has also been an increase in continental
mobilization accompanied by an agenda of mobilizations and actions against
the FTAA. Additionally, there is a greater level of consciousness and
discussion about how the relation of the regional plans of integration
paving the way for the FTAA such as the Andean Plan, Puebla Panama Plan
(PPP) and Colombia Plan as the military expression of this economic process,
or through bilateral Free Trade Agreements that the United States is forming
with countries in the region. The organizations of the Continent agreed
to continue to mobilize, locating the principal strategic focus of struggle
for the following years as the FTAA. Additionally, the umbrella and mother
of all of the Neoliberal ills: the World Trade Organization (WTO) which
will hold their next Summit in September 2003 in Cancun, Mexico. HAVANA CALL FOR ACTION (* official translation from www.alcaabajo.cu) TO ALL THE PEOPLES OF THE AMERICAN CONTINENT We indigenous people, black people, trade unionists,
rural workers, young people, members of the public, people of religious
faith, environmentalists, defenders of human rights, creative people,
journalists, members of parliament, artists and intellectuals, men and
women of all races, representing social and political organizations from
the (35 countries) [?] of our continent, have gathered here in Havana,
Cuba, for our Second Hemispheric Meeting Against the Free Trade Area of
the Americas (FTAA). The United States and its ally governments in the
hemisphere persist in their aim of imposing on our nations this supranational
treaty that condemns increasingly large segments of the population to
poverty, in the North as well as in the South; that grants rights to transnational
corporations over those of states and peoples, indiscriminately exposing
our natural, material and human resources to unbridled exploitation and,
ultimately, eliminating any scope for independent development by our nations.
It would amount to a new era of colonialization and annexation of Latin
America, by the political, economic and military power of the United States.
The year since our First Meeting, however, has seen
an appreciable strengthening of resistance to the threat of the FTAA and
other disasters for our peoples, spawned by neo-liberalism. The first
victories are appearing: the story is the same in Bolivia as in El Salvador,
in Ecuador as in Peru, in Paraguay and Uruguay, in Quebec and the United
States, in Mexico and other countries: policies aimed at privatizing energy,
health, water and even life itself are being successfully resisted. Argentina,
where the scale of the disaster created by the neo-liberal model has become
apparent, has seen accelerating mobilization of the people against policies
for concentration of wealth responsible for nothing less than social genocide;
similarly, in Venezuela, coup and destabilization attempts, against an
elected government frowned on by Washington, have so far been thwarted.
Examples of resistance and measured reaction proliferate everywhere, most
notably in the case of struggles lead by indigenous Indian peoples and
the Black Movement - hitherto the most severely marginalized. Everywhere,
the individualism, authority and division created by neo-liberalism are
beginning to give way to unity and solidarity between peoples. As regards the fight against the FTAA in particular, since the last meeting
we have seen the setting up of committees representing a wide-ranging
convergence of social and political forces in the various countries. This
process has translated into the development of an information and education
campaign, mass demonstrations and the preparation and creation of the
Continental Peoples’ Consultation. The latter received a powerful boost
with the plebiscite held in Brazil in the first week of September 2002,
when over 10 million Brazilian men and women said No to the FTAA. In
Quito, on the occasion of the Trade Ministers’ Summit, we mobilized even
under tear-gas attack by the police, and clearly transmitted our peoples’
message of opposition to the assembled governments that persisted with
negotiations on the FTAA. Stiffening resistance, strengthening of the social movement
and its increasingly global expression are also being translated into
political victories, such as the large vote secured by Evo Morales in
Bolivia and especially the electoral triumphs of Lula in Brazil and Lucio
Gutiérrez in Ecuador - candidates supported and brought to power by forces
deriving from the people, who are opposed to the recolonization of Latin
America. The new vistas opened up by these successes unquestionably represent
a blow against the neo-liberal model: the votes of our peoples were votes
against that model, against “free trade”, against US domination. But despite these clear demonstrations of the wishes of our peoples,
the US empire and its subservient governments in the hemisphere are turning
a deaf ear to the growing, grassroots demands for justice and independence,
and are persisting with their colonialist, anti people-power strategy.
Despite the promises of development emanating from the promoters of “free
trade” and the farcical programmes against poverty, there has been no
improvement in unemployment and poverty levels; on the contrary, the situation
has now reached the point of social genocide and human degradation. Our
countries are even losing their food sovereignty. Basic public services
and commodities, such as education and health, would be left to soulless
market forces. In a country like Argentina, the hitherto unthinkable is
now happening: children are dying of starvation. Debt remains a scourge
and an instrument of blackmail and control turned against our nations.
Militarization under the pretext of the war on the narcotics trade and,
latterly, on terrorism, is the inevitable corollary of “free trade”.
The Colombia Plan, the Northern Command and the general “co-operation”
of our governments with the Pentagon’s hawks complete the policy of economic
integration subordinated to US interests. Despite the seriously adverse social consequences of
NAFTA in Mexico and other countries, and the significant opposition to
the content of the present negotiations, the trade ministers reiterated
in Quito their intention of completing the FTAA talks by 2004. Moreover,
Washington and its allies (or, rather, subordinates) is not waiting for
these negotiations to conclude, but is progressing on a daily basis bilateral
or regional “free trade” treaties, each a component of a strategy for
consolidating US hegemony in Latin America and paving the way for the
FTAA. These plans for the hemisphere are part of a wider strategy pursued
by US corporations within the framework of competition with the other
economic blocs in the WTO; issues such as agriculture and privatization
of public services which are only now being considered for inclusion in
the WTO are already part of the FTAA process. The FTAA and WTO negotiations (and the bilateral and
regional processes within these) have entered a decisive stage. The crisis
and desperation of our peoples are reaching their limit. The threat of
war is here. But our chances of successful resistance are better than
before: there is light at the end of the tunnel. Our struggle must also
enter a decisive stage. For all these reasons, from the homeland of Martí
- who has shown us that imperial domination can be overcome - we send
out this. CALL FOR ACTION: (*
official translation from www.alcaabajo.cu) · In each of our countries, redouble the Campaign Against the Free Trade Area of the Americas, at regional and continental level, strengthening the initiatives of information, dissemination and education among the population at large, as well as all the forms of mobilization, all the other initiatives and activities within our power, to curb this programme for recolonization · Progress the setting up of unitary, inter-sector, multilateral and horizontal anti-FTAA committees · Provide a fresh boost to the organization and creation of the Continental Peoples’ Consultation on the FTAA, to be held on a new date by October, before the Trade Ministers Summit in Miami, so as to arrive there with the strength of the support of many millions of men and women from all over the continent · Develop a strategy for national congresses which ensures that members of parliament opposed to the FTAA present a united front with their peoples in the struggle to regain sovereignty and halt its progress · Oppose simultaneously the bilateral and regional “free trade” treaties, agreements and plans deriving from the unjust and inequitable FTAA model, as well as designing an alternative, just, equitable and sustainable basis of integration of the peoples, from the bottom up · Link opposition to “free trade” in the hemisphere to the struggle against the WTO, especially the new round and the inclusion of new issues that merely serve to extend the powers of an institution dominated by and subservient to the major transnational corporations · Forge more links with the specific campaigns pursued on a day-to-day basis by our peoples, against the various evils induced by neo-liberalism, especially those concerned with defending the public nature of education, health, social security and the energy and natural resources of our countries · Join the fight against all forms of exclusion and discrimination, as well as, especially, that for the prevention of violence against women · We call especially for linking of the campaign against “free trade” to the historic struggle against the unjust and unjustifiable burden of foreign debt, and against the US sabre-rattling that is threatening not just sovereignty but the whole planet · As well
as the campaigns we shall be initiating in every country and region, we
are calling for a gathering and mobilization against the FTAA and the
WTO at the Port Alegre meeting of the World Social Forum in January 2003;
for a gathering and mobilization against the WTO, together with our brothers
and sisters from all over the world, at Cancun, Mexico in September 2003,
staging all possible forms of mobilization and simultaneous demonstration
in all our countries; for holding a continental day of action against
the FTAA to coincide with the Miami meeting of the FTAA trade ministers
at the end of 2003 and reconvening in Havana in January 2004. We conclude our Second Hemispheric Meeting Against the
FTAA in the conviction that we have fulfilled many of the goals we set
ourselves at the First Meeting and that the present event heralds a new
stage, a major advance in the struggle against this new attempt at colonial
domination; the conviction that, following in the footsteps of the global
resistance movement that found expression in Chiapas, Seattle, Quebec
and in many other people's campaigns in North, Central and South America
and the Caribbean, we shall be able to change the destiny of marginalization,
poverty and war reserved for our peoples by the moguls of power and money.
From this free territory of the American continent, with which we proclaim
our solidarity and for which we demand an end to the blockade, and respect
for its sovereignty, we say: LATIN AMERICA IS NOT FOR SALE PEOPLE'S SOVEREIGNTY YES, FTAA NO! TOGETHER LET’S CREATE AN ALTERNATIVE AMERICA! Strategy for opposition to the FTAA. The main prerequisite for defeating the FTAA is mobilization of
the peoples. The tasks and action plan set out below address this objective- PERMANENT TASKS (* official translation from www.alcaabajo.cu) 1) Set up unitary and horizontal movements, committees
and national platforms based on the social organizations. The challenge
for the next stage remains that of organizing and unifying the various
anti-FTAA groupings and initiatives into committees or national movements
in all the countries. Unity must take precedence over internal disputes
and pet projects, in setting up structures, horizontal and effective for
the purposes of staging events, based on the social organizations. This
is the central task, since it is the only way of achieving a degree of
national and continental mobilization capable of beating the FTAA. The
committees, national platforms and movements must encourage the widest
possible participation by women at all levels and develop local, community-based
committees linked to the centre. 2) Highlight the interaction between debt, militarization
and free trade. It is essential to reveal the connection between these
three mechanisms for re-colonialization. New free-trade agreements and
credits are increasingly dependent on the “war on terrorism” - the new
name for militarization of our countries. One example is the ATPA . Similarly,
financial instruments, debt, plans for structural adjustment, conditions
imposed by the IMF, World Bank and IDB complement and consolidate the
trade mechanisms designed to exploit our nations. 3) A new stage in monitoring, following up and observing the negotiations. It is essential to strengthen not only monitoring of the content of the treaty, but also the proposals for products, services and commitments that each country is making in the FTAA talks. Monitoring must cover not just the FTAA but also the
WTO negotiations, the regional agreements (Panama Puebla Plan, ATPA, CAFTA,
CBTA,…..), the bilateral trade and investment agreements and the militarization
plans (Colombia Plan and installation of military bases) and foreign indebtedness.
Monitoring must be carried out at continental, world,
regional and national level, distinguishing between the various activities.
We must pursue our demand that governments publicly announce all details
of the negotiations and the identity of the countries responsible for
the proposals noted in brackets in the draft of the FTAA. 4) Strengthen the mechanisms of communication, dissemination
and training at all levels. Communication is a strategic activity and
must exploit all available channels, public and commercial. National or
municipal public media in countries with people-oriented governments should
be used. We must take advantage of any opportunity among the commercial
media that presents itself. It is essential to strengthen the media controlled
by the social movements and their organization. We must increasingly make
common property of the material being produced in the countries (booklets,
audiovisual aids, radio programmes, CDs etc.). Promote the training of
local instructors and agents. Combine the preparation of wide-circulation
materials with the production of more in-depth texts in response to the
latest stage in the FTAA talks. Launch materials and information campaigns
on typical cases (San Luis de Potosí, Bechtel, etc.) and the real effects
of the FTAA on people and the environment. Strengthen electronic communication
and exchange of experience between the various organizations involved
in the continental campaign. 5) Develop proposed alternatives to the FTAA. In parallel
with opposition, we must continue developing proposals for alternatives
to the FTAA. A contribution to be worked on in this context is the Alternatives
for the Americas document prepared by the ASC. The aim is not negotiation
or reform of this treaty for re-colonization and death, but for creating
a different form of integration that respects life, bio-diversity, water
resources and the natural environment, defense of our borders, protection
of domestic markets and production, food sovereignty, the importance of
the culture and identity of our peoples, solidarity, justice and equity
in the distribution of and access to wealth, and respect for the sovereignty
of our nations. PRINCIPAL COURSES OF ACTION PROPOSED
(* official translation from www.alcaabajo.cu) 6) Maintain a People's Consultation on the FTAA in all
the countries. The exchanges that started in Brazil and now move to Mexico,
Quebec and Canada [?] represent one of our principal vehicles for informing
and mobilizing millions of people and laying a democratic foundation for
our campaign. Continental Consultation should take place in every country,
extending the deadline for holding these sessions to October 2003. Each
national committee should fix the dates for People's Consultation meetings
within their country. The results of the Consultation at continental level
will be made public at the days of action against the FTAA to be held
in all the countries during the Miami meeting of ministers at the end
of 2003. 7) Integrate the campaigns against the FTAA and the
WTO. Features of the FTAA are reproduced in the new round of WTO negotiations
scheduled for relaunch at the Fifth Ministers Summit to be held in Cancun,
Mexico in September 2003. The basis for operating via a single battle
front is rejection of the FTAA and the new round of WTO talks coupled
with the demand that agriculture, essential services and intellectual
property be excluded from the WTO and any free-trade treaty. Derailing
this new round of WTO negotiations would be a great boost for the anti-FTAA
campaign, and conversely, victory against the FTAA would strengthen efforts
against the WTO. It is essential that the national anti-FTAA movements
take on this task, and it would be very important if the organizations
that oppose the WTO took up the cudgels against the FTAA and other free-trade
agreements world-wide. The idea is not that of running two parallel campaigns
on the American continent, but of effectively including the WTO dimension
as part of our normal operations. 8) Continental days of action against the FTAA and WTO.
In this new phase, we can think in terms of mobilizing against the FTAA
and the WTO simultaneously in our various countries. We are calling a
continental day of opposition and mobilization (marches, sit-ins, route-blocking,
protests, blockades, border closings and other events) for 10 September,
coinciding with the start of the Fifth WTO Ministers Summit in Cancun.
Similarly, the Continental Campaign against the FTAA will support the
events and demonstrations being prepared for Cancun by the Mexican Committee
Against the FTAA and other organizations. We endorse and invite participation
in a number of other events such as the continental day against militarization,
the 'Solidarity with Cuba' day, the continental day for observance of
international law and others mentioned in the attached calendar of events.
9) Launch specific campaigns to strengthen opposition to the FTAA in terms of:
These specific campaigns will facilitate the organization
and combining of the forces and initiatives of various countries' movements
and committees. All the groupings of countries involved in the same regional
treaty should join forces and act in concert. Implementation and coordination
of the various campaigns is the responsibility of the actors concerned,
while the Continental Coordination's role is to promote and support such
initiatives. Importantly, these events should involve as many FTAA-affected
sectors as possible (businessmen, professionals, small firms, domestic
producers, municipal authorities and others). Similarly, the role of the
religious communities in the development of these campaigns should be
highlighted. 10) Campaigns on issues common to the trade agreements.
There are several initiatives and campaigns at continental and international
level on issues such water, debt, militarization, GM foods, education,
privatization, dams, duty-free zones etc. which should be strengthened
and correlated better with the campaign against the FTAA and the WTO.
Gender, ethnic and other aspects should be highlighted to demonstrate
the real effects that the free-trade treaties will have. The central aim
is not to create new campaigns but to contribute to and strengthen the
orchestration of the ongoing initiatives. 11) Identify and strengthen the key issues within the
national campaigns. In each country, one or more issues or sectors are
of most interest to the transnationals and/or are uppermost in the public
mind at national level (e.g. gas, bio-diversity, sector privatization,
dams, etc.). It is essential that each national movement identifies these
core issues in its campaign and clearly highlights its connection with
free-trade agreements. At continental level, it is essential to organize
support action for these local campaigns and contribute to their success.
Victory against the FTAA and other free-trade agreements is built on such
local battles. 12) Parliamentary and judicial action to strengthen
the anti-FTAA campaign. The negotiations over this treaty breach the sovereignty
and national constitutions of the countries concerned and fail to recognize
the functions of parliaments and the courts. So we need to work with members
of parliament and jurists involved in the social movements in our countries
and persuade as many as possible to take steps in their respective fields,
such as requests for official reports, putting questions, challenging
on grounds of unconstitutionality, judgments and other means of demonstrating
the undemocratic nature of the trade treaty negotiations; also by obstructing
ratification of the FTAA and other trade agreements by the national congresses.
This does not mean we think that parliamentary and/or judicial action
alone will defeat the FTAA, much less provide the basis for negotiating
or improving this treaty. NEW AND OTHER CURRENT ASPECTS 13) Policy towards governments and international institutions.
The recent electoral victories in Latin America are an expression of growing
rejection of the neo-liberal model. But however important they are, these
successes at the polls must not cause us to lose sight of the fact that
strengthening national international movements and mobilization remains
the key task. We should be clear that it is not possible to amend or improve
the FTAA through these new governments. We have no intention of telling
these new governments their business. The most important thing is to maintain
the unity of the anti-FTAA movement and, depending on the country and
the conditions at the time, take the most appropriate steps to support,
demand, pressurize or call for a hard line on the part of these governments
in their dealings on the FTAA. We must demand that both these new governments
and the traditional ones call plebiscites or referendums to let the public
decide whether it agrees with the FTAA and whether its government should
withdraw IMMEDIATELY from the negotiations. We must appeal to all the
relevant international authorities and conventions (the UN, ILO, ICESCR
etc.) to denounce, challenge or obstruct the talks. 14) Orchestrated action against the FTAA and WTO at the World Social Forum. Via the Continental Coordination of the Campaign against the FTAA and the anti-WTO movements, we plan to organize certain events designed to win support and derive synergy during the WSF. One of these initiatives involves jointly staging a day-long seminar to review the way issues such as investment, agriculture, services and others are being handled within the FTAA and WTO. Actively participate in the march against militarization, the FTAA, WTO and debt called for 27 January. A similar initiative involves constituting a court to consider specific cases where transnationals have sued countries, to highlight one of the key issues addressed in the negotiation of trade agreements. 15) Ration continental events to conserve our energies.
The events at continental level in the campaign against the FTAA which
are defined, set in concrete and for which we are responsible are: (a)
participation in the WSF - January 2003, (b) the WTO Summit - September
2003, (c) the FTAA ministers meeting in Miami - end 2003, and (d) the
Third Hemispheric Meeting Against the FTAA in Havana - 13 to 18 January
2004. As regards the American Peoples' Summit in Argentina in April 2003
and the Hemispheric WSF in Ecuador in October 2003, the nature and relevance
of these as continent-level events will be reviewed during the WSF in
the light of the official calendar and timing of alternative events in
process of definition. CONTINENTAL COORDINATION AUTHORITIES
FOR THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE FTAA CONTINENTAL COORDINATION (CC) CONTINENTAL SECRETARIAT (CS) January 4 to 6. National Farmworkers Assembly, CLOC-
Chile February 7 to 14. Plebiscite on the FTAA, Haiti March 7. International Tribunal of Anti-FTAA Opinion,
Bogotá, Colombia 1st fortnight in April. Regional Meeting
Against the FTAA. May 1st. International Labor Day. June. Continental Day for Respect of International Law.
Legal Analysis of the FTAA. July-August. Fifth Forum against the Panama Puebla Plan,
Honduras. September 10-14. Protest days against the WTO event
in Cancun. Parallel meeting. October. Via Campesina World Conference, Brazil. January 13 to 16. Third Hemispheric Meeting Against
the FTAA, Havana, Cuba. ·
Solidarity Event with/in Venezuela, organized
by Evo Morales and supported, among others, by the trade union and anti-militarist
workshops and the Christians' workshop. (Note: for more information: sri-cut@uol.com.br, www.asc-hsa.org , noalca@movimientos.org, www.movimiento.org/noalca/, america@ctc.cu, www.alcaabajo.cu, www.ciepac.org, www.rmalc,org)
Center for Economic and Political Investigations of Community Action, A.C. CIEPAC is a member of the, Mexican Network of Action Against Free Trade (RMALC) www.rmalc.org.mx, Convergence of Movements of the Peoples of the Americas (COMPA ) www.sitiocompa.org, Network for Peace in Chiapas, Week for Biological and Cultural Diversity www.laneta.apc.org/biodiversidad, the International Forum "The People Before Globalization", Alternatives to the PPP http://usuarios.tripod.es/xelaju/xela.htm, and of the Mexican Alliance for Self-Determination (AMAP) that is the Mexican network against the Puebla Panama Plan. CIEPAC is a member of the Board of Directors of the Center for Economic Justice http://www.econjustice.net and the Ecumenical Program on Central America and the Caribbean (EPICA) http://www.epica.org.
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